When installed, the oil seal’s flexible lip is placed against the rotating shaft, and the casing is pushed into the housing for support. It is crucial that the sealing lip is lubricated to avoid overheating caused by friction.

On most cars you need not remove the engine to get at the sump . But often you have to raise it slightly and wedge it on its mountings so that the sump moves clear of the front- suspension cross member.

In recent research, MWCNTs and carbon black were mixed with the butadiene/natural rubber to form a hybrid composite which gives very strong filler links by partial replacement of carbon black based on the m₁:m₂:X (m₁—MWCNT; m₂—reduction amount of carbon black; X-varies from 1 to 6) [40,64]. An internal blending mixer and two-roll milling were used to formulate the composites. The synergistic effect plays a major role in improving the abrasion resistance property due to the partial replacement of carbon black by adding MWCNTs in different ratios. The optimal ratio value of MWCNTs is 5 (parts per hundred of rubber) and 27.5 (parts per hundred of rubber) for carbon black with better resistant to abrasion compared to the matrix material [64]. The vulcanized hybrid composite material reinforced with MWCNT/carbon black at the ratio of 1:1 shows better mechanical properties, curing characteristics, and thermal conductivity. This shows a better tyre thread with an improved endurance life, less curing time, and improved thermal conductivity [42,64]. Fig. 4.4 shows the SEM and TEM images of uncured and cured rubber and Figs. 4.5 and 4.6 show the application of rubber nanocomposites in a tyre application.

Several variables must be considered when selecting oil seals. The physical dimensions and materials will vary depending on the environment of use. In addition, oil seals must remain lightweight, compact, and exhibit high self-lubrication performance.